Structure-Aware Skill Retrieval and Arbitration for Optimization Modeling· 结构感知技能检索与仲裁

Large Language Models (LLMs) can turn natural-language optimization tasks into solver-checked answers, but current agents remain brittle under narrative rewrites and often store reusable experience at the instance level. We introduce \textsc{ArchOR}, an archetype-centric skill agent that builds on \textsc{OptSkills} by adding two retrieval-focused modules. \emph{Centroid-Aware Representation Learning} (CARL) refines the ordering of cached skill representations through a low-rank prototype residual. \emph{Signature-Guided Retrieval} (S\textsuperscript{3}R) attaches open-dimensional structural signatures to skills, prioritizes candidates by weighted Jaccard overlap, and bounds semantic re-ranking to a top-$K$ set. A baseline-preserving arbitration rule determines when the structural route sh